Includes bibliographical references.

The new philosophical history / Voltaire -- The critical method / Barthold Niebuhr -- The ideal of universal history / Leopold von Ranke -- National history and liberalism / Augustin Thierry -- History and literature / Thomas Babington Macaulay -- History as biography / Thomas Carlyle -- History as a national epic / Jules Michelet -- Positivistic history and its critics / Henry Thomas Buckle and Johann Droysen -- Historical materialism / Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Jean Jaurès -- History as an academic discipline -- The ethos of a scientific historian / N.D. Fustel de Coulanges -- On the training of historians / Theodor Mommsen -- An American definition of history / Frederick Jackson Turner -- History as a science / J.B. Bury -- Clio rediscovered / G.M. Trevelyan -- Specialization and historical synthesis / Lord Acton and Henri Berr -- A hew history in America / James Harvey Robinson and Charles A. Beard -- Historicism and its problems / Friedrich Meinecke -- Historical conceptualization / J. Huizinga -- Economic history / George Unwin and J.H. Clapham -- Historical relativism / Charles A. Beard -- History under modern dictatorships / N.N. Pokrovsky, Walter Frank, and K.A. von Müller -- History and the social sciences / Thomas Cochran and Richard Hofstadter -- History and political culture / L.B. Namier -- Cultural history as a synthesis / Jacques Barzun -- Time, history, and the social sciences / Fernand Braudel -- Social history / H.J. Perkin -- A new economic history / R.W. Fogel -- Clio and crisis / C. Vann Woodward.