TY - BOOK AU - Ravitch,Diane TI - Left back: a century of failed school reforms SN - 0684844176 AV - LA 216 R256l 2000 U1 - 370/.973 PY - 1980/// CY - New York PB - Simon & Schuster KW - Education KW - United States KW - History KW - 20th century KW - Educational change KW - Public schools KW - Educacion - Estados Unidos - Historia - Siglo 20 KW - Cambio Educativo - Estados Unidos - Historia - Siglo 20 KW - Escuelas públicas - Estados Unidos - Historia - Siglo 20 N1 - Introduction -- The educational ladder -- A fork in the road -- The age of the experts -- IQ testing : "this brutal pessimism" -- Instead of the academic curriculum -- On the social frontier -- The public schools respond -- Dissidents and critics -- The great meltdown -- The sixties -- In search of standards -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Select bibliography -- Acknowledgments -- Index ER -